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The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours (TNM) is a cancer staging notation system that gives codes to describe the stage of a person's cancer, when this originates with a solid tumor. *T describes the size of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has invaded nearby tissue, *N describes nearby (regional) lymph nodes that are involved, *M describes distant metastasis (spread of cancer from one part of the body to another). The TNM staging system for all solid tumors was devised by Pierre Denoix between 1943 and 1952, using the size and extension of the primary tumor, its lymphatic involvement, and the presence of metastases to classify the progression of cancer.〔Denoix PF. Enquete permanent dans les centres anticancereaux. Bull Inst Nat Hyg 1946;1:70–5.〕 It has gained a wide degree of international acceptance for many solid tumor cancers, but is not applicable to diffused cancers such as leukaemia and is of limited use for other cancers such as diffuse lymphoma and ovarian cancer.〔Tobias Jeffrey S., Hochhauser, Daniel, ''Cancer and its Management'', p. 43, 2013 (6th edn), ISBN 1118713257, 9781118713259〕 TNM is developed and maintained by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) to achieve consensus on one globally recognised standard for classifying the extent of spread of cancer. The TNM classification is also used by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). In 1987, the UICC and AJCC staging systems were unified into a single staging system. ==General outline== Most of the common tumors have their own TNM classification. Not all tumors have TNM classifications, e.g., there is no TNM classification for brain tumors. The general outline for the TNM classification is below. The values in parentheses give a range of what can be used for all cancer types, but not all cancers use this full range. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「TNM staging system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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